Inflammation and Urothelial Bladder Cancer: What we Need to Known? (Review)

• Tommaso Cai

  Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Trento, Italy

• Gabriella Nesi

  Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Italy

• Sandra Mazzoli

  STDs Center, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy

• Francesca Meacci

  STDs Center, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy

• Galliano Tinacci

  Department of Pathology, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy

• Cesare Selli

  Department of Urology, University of Pisa, Italy

• Riccardo Bartoletti

  Department of Urology, University of Pisa, Italy

 The association between inflammation and bladder cancer has been debated in several studies, highlighting that inflammation may be a crucial component both in tumor development or progression. On the other hand, several authors suggest that the presence of an inflammatory cell infiltrate within the urothelial bladder cancer is a good prognostic predictor in terms of recurrence-free survival time. The question is: What is the prognostic role of inflammation in patients affected by urothelial bladder cancer? On one hand, chronic inflammation should be considered a risk factor in developing bladder cancer, as demonstrated by Schistosoma haematobium infection and, on the other hand, the inflammation induced by the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin intravesical therapy has a protective effect on cancer recurrence. Recently, some authors highlight that the presence of an inflammatory cell infiltrate within the urothelial bladder cancer is a good prognostic predictor in terms of recurrence-free survival time, due to the host generating angiogenic stimulation of a local inflammatory reaction against cancer. This is probably due to the angiogenetic stimulation of a local inflammatory reaction generated by the host against superficial bladder cancer. However, the debate is still open. This review will summarize recent data regarding inflammation and urothelial cell carcinoma, with special emphasis on the role that the inflammatory response is likely to have on recurrence risk and progression in superficial bladder cancer patients.

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