Epidemiological and Pathological Aspects of Head and Neck Cancers in Togo

• Tchin Darré

  Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé,Togo

• Haréfétéguéna Bissa

  Department of Stomatology, University Teaching Hospital Lomé, Togo

• Komlavi Ehlissou Akloa

  Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé,Togo

• Essobozou Pegbessou

  Department of Head and Neck Surgical, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Togo

• Bathokédeou Amana

  Department of Head and Neck Surgical, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Togo

• Aman Alphonse N’guessan

  Department of Pathology of the University Teaching Hospital of Bouake, Ivory Coast

• Koffi Amégbor

  Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé,Togo

• Essohana Boko

  Department of Head and Neck Surgical, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Togo

• Gado Napo-Koura

  Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé,Togo

 Purpose:Head and neck cancers are a major public health issue. Its current incidence is unknown in Togo. This study aimed at determining the epidemiological and histological features of head and neck cancers in Togo.

Materials and Methods: We examined data from patients files recorded in the registers of laboratory of pathology of the university teaching hospital of Lomé. The study concerned data of the patients received from January 1994 to December 2013. We selected only the files whose diagnosis was a cancer. The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, gender of patients, site, macroscopic and histological type of cancer.

Results: Epidemiological, we collected 5234 cases of cancer of which 309cases ORL cancers, representing 5.1% of all cancer cases. The annual frequency was 15.09 cases. The average age was 45 years ranging from 3 to 87 years and a peak incidence between 41-50 years (20%). Sex ratio of 1.55.

Concerning pathological, the salivary gland cancers were the most prevalent (28.2%) followed by larynx cancers (24%). Four groups histological were observed: Carcinomas 196cases (63.43%), lymphomas 105cases (33.98%), 6 cases sarcomas (1.94%) and 2cases melanomas (0.65%). The squamous carcinoma (40.78%) was the most frequent carcinomas. The high grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (48,4%) were common with prevalent Burkitt lymphoma.

Conclusion: the head and neck cancers are prevalent in young adults in Togo. The squamous carcinoma is the most common histological type.

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